Vitamins and minerals are essential substances that our bodies need to function normally. The known vitamins are vitamins A, C, D, E, and K and the B vitamins: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), biotin, and folate/folic acid. A number of minerals are essential for health, including calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, sulfur, cobalt, copper, fluoride, manganese, and selenium.
- The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 recommends that people should aim to meet their nutritional requirements through a healthy eating pattern that includes nutrient-dense foods. In addition to vitamins and minerals, foods provide other important components beneficial to health, such as fiber. The guidelines provide recommendations for specific populations, including women who are or may become pregnant, women who breastfeed, and people ages 60 and over.
- Some people who don’t get enough vitamins and minerals from food alone, including people who are on low-calorie diets or who avoid certain foods (such as strict vegetarians or vegans), may want to consider taking a vitamin and mineral supplement. Health care providers may recommend supplements for people with certain medical conditions.
